過(guò)梁
1過(guò)梁的分類
過(guò)梁可以分為許多種類,如鋼筋混凝土過(guò)梁、鋼筋磚過(guò)梁、磚拱過(guò)梁、磚砌弧拱、木過(guò)梁等等,前三種最為常見(jiàn)。
(1)鋼筋混凝土過(guò)梁:用鋼筋混凝土為原材料砌成的過(guò)梁,是常見(jiàn)的過(guò)梁形式之一。由于鋼筋混凝土本身比較堅(jiān)固,因而鋼筋混凝土過(guò)梁的承重能力較強(qiáng),即便是比較寬的門(mén)窗和洞口也可以承受,而且具有較好的抗震動(dòng)和沉降性,被廣泛運(yùn)用于各種門(mén)窗過(guò)梁建筑。
鋼筋混凝土有現(xiàn)澆和預(yù)制之分,因施工效率高,現(xiàn)在多使用工廠預(yù)制。鋼筋混凝土由于導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)大,在天氣較寒冷地區(qū)要注意把梁包起來(lái)或者采用L形界面或組合式過(guò)梁,避免梁內(nèi)產(chǎn)生凝結(jié)水。
(2)鋼筋磚過(guò)梁:即用在砌磚墻的過(guò)程中,往磚過(guò)梁的磚縫中間加鋼筋。一般而言,選擇6~8mm的鋼筋即可,需要夾兩倒三根。如果門(mén)窗的質(zhì)量較輕,跨度較小,磚墻洞口頂部即可配置鋼筋,這種做法的好處是簡(jiǎn)易、工序少、效率高。正常的門(mén)窗過(guò)梁,底面砂漿處還應(yīng)加入直徑不小于5mm,間距不大于120mm的鋼筋。在有可能要承受較大震動(dòng)或可能發(fā)生沉降的地區(qū),房屋不應(yīng)采用磚砌過(guò)梁,而應(yīng)采用鋼筋混凝土過(guò)梁。
(3)磚拱過(guò)梁:是指用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)磚砌成的過(guò)梁,又分為平拱過(guò)梁和弧拱過(guò)梁兩種形式,在門(mén)窗洞口寬度小于1米時(shí)使用。平拱過(guò)梁是在門(mén)窗洞口上方將磚立砌成過(guò)梁,弧拱過(guò)梁是將磚立砌成拱形。兩者都是靠磚砌體本身來(lái)承重,但磚砌體承重有限,比較適合矮房和低樓層房屋。
2過(guò)梁的規(guī)范
過(guò)梁的規(guī)范有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定和復(fù)雜的計(jì)算方法,開(kāi)發(fā)商和工程師會(huì)逐一計(jì)算好。普通住戶只需了解建過(guò)梁的大原則,即根據(jù)門(mén)窗洞口了解該使用何種方式來(lái)建過(guò)梁即可,具體如下。
在有較大震動(dòng)荷載或有不均勻沉降的地段,或者砌體本身荷載過(guò)重時(shí),應(yīng)采用混凝土過(guò)梁;在震動(dòng)和沉降等級(jí)較高的地段,應(yīng)采用鋼筋混凝土過(guò)梁;當(dāng)過(guò)梁寬小于等于1.5m,可采用鋼筋磚過(guò)梁,小于等于1.2m時(shí),可采用磚砌過(guò)梁。
3過(guò)梁的尺寸
過(guò)梁尺寸在施工圖紙上的砌體部分都會(huì)有標(biāo)注,按照不同的洞寬,會(huì)給出相應(yīng)的梁寬、梁高、鋼筋配筋情況等。
過(guò)梁一般取門(mén)窗洞口寬度的1/4或者1/8,高度以120mm、180mm、240mm居多,還有300mm和360mm兩種規(guī)格。過(guò)梁通常伸入墻內(nèi)200mm~400mm,因而還有一種常見(jiàn)算法是往門(mén)窗洞兩邊各加250mm。
過(guò)梁厚度基本與墻厚一致,根據(jù)墻體和建筑物的不同而有所不同。一般240mm的實(shí)心磚,過(guò)梁寬不會(huì)超過(guò)1.5米,高不會(huì)在120mm~180mm之間;相同寬度的空心磚過(guò)梁,厚度一般要在90mm~190mm之間。
4燈池吊頂效果圖
5恒逸床墊價(jià)格
恒逸床墊價(jià)格(僅供參考,詳詢商家) |
|||
名稱 | 主材質(zhì) | 尺寸(米) | 參考價(jià)格 |
1.5米獨(dú)立彈簧床墊 |
織錦面料 |
1.9*1.5*0.3 |
¥ 2540.00 |
獨(dú)立袋裝彈簧1.5米床墊 |
印尼抗菌環(huán)保純棉面料 |
2.0*1.5*0.28 |
¥ 2040.00 |
1.5米乳膠整裝床墊 |
純天然進(jìn)口乳膠+織錦提花布料 |
2.0*1.5*0.21 |
¥ 2420.00 |
1.2米波浪椰棕床墊 |
純天然椰棕 |
1.9*1.2*(0.07-0.08) |
¥ 560.00 |
雙人1.8米純椰棕墊 |
高級(jí)織錦面料 |
2*1.8*0.05 |
¥ 470.00 |
1.8米高檔乳膠床墊 |
COOLMAX針織布面料+天然乳膠 |
2*1.8*0.25 |
¥ 4080.00 |
6巖棉板施工方案
巖棉板施工方案
1、巖棉板外墻外保溫系統(tǒng),主要以經(jīng)擺錘法生產(chǎn)的憎水型巖棉板為保溫隔熱層材料,采用粘、釘結(jié)合工藝與基層墻體連接固定,并由抹面膠漿和增強(qiáng)用玻纖網(wǎng)布復(fù)合而成的抹面層以及裝飾砂漿飾面層或涂料構(gòu)成的A級(jí)不燃型建筑節(jié)能保溫系統(tǒng)。
2、系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造主要包括:粘結(jié)層、保溫層、抹面層、飾面層及配件。飾面層應(yīng)采用飾面砂漿、裝飾灰漿等輕質(zhì)功能性涂層或有良好透氣性的水性外墻涂料。
3、巖棉板外墻外保溫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)低、透氣性好、燃燒性能級(jí)別高等優(yōu)勢(shì),可應(yīng)用于新建、擴(kuò)建、改建的居住建筑和公共建筑外墻的節(jié)能保溫工程,包括外墻外保溫、非透明幕墻保溫和EPS外保溫系統(tǒng)的。
7巖棉板技術(shù)參數(shù)
巖棉板技術(shù)參數(shù)如下:
檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目 |
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求 |
測(cè)定值 |
|
外觀 |
表面平整,無(wú)傷痕、污跡、破損 |
表面平整,未見(jiàn)傷痕、污跡、破損 |
|
尺 寸 |
長(zhǎng) 度 mm |
1200+15 -3 |
1203 |
寬 度 mm |
600 |
600 |
|
厚 度 mm |
50+5 -3 |
51 |
|
密 度 kg/m3 |
------ |
180 |
|
渣球含量 % (粒徑大于0.25 mm) |
≤10 |
3.8 |
|
燃燒性能 |
A級(jí) |
A級(jí) |
|
纖維平均直徑 μm |
≤7.0 |
4.3 |
|
導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)W/(m ·K) (平均溫度25℃) |
≤0.040 |
0.039 |
|
憎水率 % |
≥98.0 |
99.9 |
|
抗拉強(qiáng)度 Kpa |
≥7.5 |
15.2 |
|
壓縮強(qiáng)度 Kpa (10%變形) |
≥40 |
77.6 |
|
酸度系數(shù) |
≥1.6 |
2.0 |
8不銹鋼門(mén)安裝
安裝注意事項(xiàng):
由于泥砂漿及石灰的腐蝕性,安裝及裝修期敬請(qǐng)注意勿讓水泥漿附著在不銹板面上,如不小心濺上,請(qǐng)及時(shí)用清水沖洗。
單門(mén)的安裝及校正:
1、所需工具及材料:沖擊鉆、鐵錘、鋼絲鉗、鉛垂、水平尺、膨脹螺栓M10×100、木片或硬紙片。
2、測(cè)量門(mén)洞尺寸是否與門(mén)框相符,如果門(mén)洞尺寸偏大或者偏小,則應(yīng)修整以能適應(yīng)為準(zhǔn)。
3、把不銹鋼門(mén)扇取下,將門(mén)框放入門(mén)洞,用水平尺、鉛錘等工具檢查門(mén)框是否擺正放平,必要時(shí)加墊木片或硬紙片,在門(mén)框安裝孔中套畫(huà)孔位置記號(hào),然后取下門(mén)框。
4、用沖擊鉆在已做記號(hào)的墻上鉆孔,鉆孔時(shí)一定要平正,如有歪斜會(huì)直接影響裝門(mén)。
5、將框放入門(mén)洞,裝膨脹螺栓,先預(yù)緊固中間螺栓,確定平正后再固定其余螺栓。
6、把門(mén)扇套上門(mén)框,檢查開(kāi)關(guān)是否靈活,門(mén)鎖位置是否準(zhǔn)確,若有異常可作進(jìn)一步調(diào)整。
7、確認(rèn)無(wú)其它問(wèn)題后,將全部膨脹螺栓緊固,如有條件可將螺母與螺栓焊牢。
一框兩門(mén)的安裝及校正:
1、所需工具及材料:沖擊鉆、鐵錘、鋼絲鉗、鉛垂、水平尺、水泥釘M10×80或膨脹螺栓M10×100、木片或硬紙片。
2、把不銹鋼門(mén)扇取下,將門(mén)框放入門(mén)洞,用水平尺、鉛錘等工具檢查門(mén)框是否擺正放平,若不平正,用木片墊平整。
3、先以內(nèi)門(mén)鉸一側(cè)作基準(zhǔn)邊,把門(mén)框加強(qiáng)筋上的安裝片旋轉(zhuǎn)至與門(mén)框垂直,然后將安裝片折彎用水泥釘或膨脹螺栓固定在墻上。
4、將內(nèi)不銹鋼門(mén)門(mén)扇套上門(mén)框,鎖上鎖,在確保平正的情況下,相繼把內(nèi)門(mén)安裝片固定在墻上。
5、用同樣的方法將柵欄門(mén)套上門(mén)框,固定好安裝片。
6、檢查內(nèi)門(mén)、柵欄門(mén)開(kāi)關(guān)是否靈活,若有異常可塞木片進(jìn)一步調(diào)整。
7、在門(mén)框與墻之間縫隙處塞木片,使門(mén)框較為穩(wěn)定,然后往門(mén)框內(nèi)灌注水泥砂漿,待水泥砂漿凝固干燥后把門(mén)縫外木片取出方可使用門(mén)的功能。但在24小時(shí)內(nèi),應(yīng)盡量減少開(kāi)關(guān)門(mén)次數(shù)及力度。
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